Japanese Great Armor Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Japanese Great Armor Analysis - Research Paper Example The covering was primarily worn by the higher situating samurai riding a horse. The lower situating officials had covering that resembled the Ã… -yoroi, anyway had less fragments, was lighter, and neglected to have the adorning markings of the higher situating samurai1. Most of the information considered the Ã… -yoroi is considering the covering of the higher-situating specialists since the shield was either given to a haven as a contribution or kept up by the family members of the primary wearer. Huge bits of the primary fragments of the Ã… -yoroi still in nearness have been replaced after some time due to the things being lost or hurt. The couple of residual instances of Ã… -yoroi are on feature in displays in a couple of particular countries. There are also two or three instances of Ã… -yoroi in Shinto sanctums where they have been kept up and made sure about for a significant long time. Along these lines, it tends to be said that the yoroi was for just the wealthy in the gen eral public and was disconnected for the picked not many. It might have implied eminence also. The fundamental pieces of the Ã… -yoroi and other samurai insurance are alluded to through and through as the hei-no-rokugu or basically rokugu, which infers six articles of arms. The six important portions are the dÃ¥  (waist fortification), kabuto (defensive top), menpo (facial shield), kote(armoured sleeves), sune-expended (shin covering), and the hai-date (thigh cautious layer). One specific move over earlier shields is that the kozane of Ã… -yoroi are at first bound together and a short time later made sure about with clean, which improves impenetrability to consumption. The dÃ¥  of the Ã… -yoroi is unique from later models considering the way that it is made out of two distinct parts instead of one piece with an opening as an untimely idea or again of the dÃ¥  to allow the samurai to put on the security. The samurai class, talking about an irrelevant seven to 10% of the

Policies In Vietnam Essays - Politics Of Vietnam, Asia, Vietnam

Arrangements In Vietnam Lyndon B. Johnson had a dream of A Great Society for the American individuals and individual men all over the place. In his first long stretches of office, he acquired one of the most broad authoritative projects throughout the entire existence of the Nation. Keeping up aggregate security, he carried on the expanding battle to battle Communist infringement in Vietnam. During President Johnson's term, two emergencies had been picking up energy since 1965. The first was the distress and revolting in dark ghettos that disturbed the country. The subsequent emergency was attempting to keep North Vietnam from assuming control over South Vietnam, forestalling the spread of socialism. The United States and Vietnam have had connections (not in every case direct, yet through the French) since the mid 1940's. A short foundation of US association in Vietnam will be provided so as to see how Johnson engaged in Vietnam, yet initial a gander at the topography of Vietnam. Topography Vietnam covers a region of 329, 600 square kilometers and stretches around 100,000 square kilometers from North to South. The Annamite Mountain Range associates the North and South. Toward the north of Vietnam is China; toward the west is Cambodia and Laos. The area caused the United States to be cautious when utilizing military since it would not like to begin a World War III with China who was supporting the North Vietnamese. Vietnam is somewhat littler than the recently joined Germany. History of United States Involvement The French used to have a settlement rule over Indochina, which comprised of Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos. During World War II, France tumbled to the Germans and consequently, the Asian French settlement was gone over to Japan. As of now, the Vietnamese abandoned being hostile to French to against Japan. The United States began supporting different gatherings in Vietnam, with the goal that they could fight the Japanese. The United States even supported the patriot gathering, drove by socialist Ho Chi Minh. After World War II, the French came back to assume control over its state, yet in December 1946, wound up doing combating the Vietminh. France mentioned help from the United States, with the goal that it could win the fight against the Vietminh. The United States was not very sure from the outset, until Intelligence demonstrated that the Communist Ho Chi Minh was getting mainstream. The United States promptly expanded its guide to France to attempt to keep the socialist from spreading. The French were to set up a system with Bao Dei, from the Vietnamese imperial family. The United States agreed with Bao Dei's case as the system, particularly after the fall o f China. Around 1954, the United States was paying 80% of the French military expense in Vietnam. The French chose to utilize a post to attempt to get the socialist to utilize an enormous number of it's soldiers to assault the stronghold, yet it was effectively over stopped by the socialist and the French gave up. May 1954 was the finish of the French job in Indochina. May-June 1954 was the Geneva Accords where the significant forces were to gone to a concurrence on Indochina. The understanding was an impermanent one that separated Vietnam at the seventeenth corresponding with a neutral ground between the two regions. The North would be the Vietminh or the socialist and the South would be the Bao Dei system. No side could come to understandings including international strategy nor acknowledge remote soldiers on their dirt, until following two years when decisions were to be held, booked for July 1956. Right now, the changeless administration of Vietnam would be resolved. Ngo Dinh Di em turned into a political pioneer in the South and was genius Western. Diem reported that the division of Vietnam into two countries would remain and there would be no races. In fixed decisions, Diem developed triumphant over Bao Dei. The United States supported Diem on the grounds that he vowed to make changes. Diem at long last had no plans of consistently having free decisions once more. Despite the fact that Diem never made any of his guaranteed changes, President Eisenhower upheld Diem's system. Eisenhower sent 1,500 guides to South Vietnam before the finish of his organization so as to help ensure South Vietnam was protected. As of now, Ho Chi Minh went to a monetary concurrence with the

Substitute Teacher Resume Examples, Template, and Resume Tips

Substitute Teacher Resume Examples, Template, and Resume Tips Virtually everyone can remember going to school one day and seeing that the class is held by a substitute teacher and almost everyone I know remembers that, at the time, the kids were giving a hard time to the substitute teacher.Maybe it was because then we as kids felt more in control or because the teacher didn’t know how to impose proper authority.On the contrary, everyone remembers having that one cool substitute teacher that was “better” than your regular one, so you didn’t want him or her to go, but there was nothing you could do.Anyways, being a substitute teacher, as do most jobs, has its ups and downs but what’s important is that you can make a living out of that profession and it is a great way to start your teaching career and slowly work your way up to become a full-time teacher or professor.Believe it or not, substitute teachers are always in demand mainly because no one can predict if the regular teacher will get sick, quit their job, have a family emergency o r even get maternity leave, so someone has to take their place in the time of their absence.Today we are going to give you two examples of how to write a substitute teacher resume, and after that, we will go through each section step by step giving you a complete guide on how your resume should look like.So let’s not waste any more time and jump straight into it!Substitute Teacher Resume Example Right Substitute Teacher Resume Sample Right Create your own resumeOkay, now that weve shown you how your resume should look like, we can go ahead and walk you through every section step by step and give you more insight on how to write it and what you should avoid at all costs.Also, after that, we are going to give you some basic tips and tricks you can use which will make your resume look even more professional so that you don’t have any difficulties in getting the job you’re applying for.And, if you still have some questions on how to write your resume, then we recommend you try out our resume builder which will give you all the tools you need for your resume to work out just perfect, but we will talk about that later.Let’s begin our guide!GUIDE ON WRITING THE PERSONAL INFO SECTIONIt’s very obvious that you need to provide some personal information when you are applying for a new job position and you shouldn’t assume that your employer will use the information to try and spy on you, but rather just for the usual b ackground check-up as you will very likely be working with children.That being said, you should look at the Personal Info section as your business card and the usual information which is displayed on a business card is:your full namehome or office addressphone numbere-mailsocial mediaRarely will an employer ask you for your photograph and he should specify that it is required before you send your resume, so you don’t have to worry about it too much.Also, your address sometimes isnt necessary, but you should write it anyway.When it comes to your full name, you should always provide your birth name or, in case youve changed it, the name on your ID card and you should stay clear of nicknames because your employer, colleagues, and students are going to you as Mr. or Mrs. X (X meaning your last name).Tom Klein RightTommy Klein WrongNext, you should create a new E-Mail account which you will be using just for work, and its a good idea to do that for social media as well because its ea sy to mix-up your private life and your work life so keeping those two things separate makes it a lot less difficult to handle.Also, your LinkedIn profile is very important, if you don’t have one then you should create it because it will serve as a secondary resume and you can add everything you’ve accomplished throughout your whole carrier so that your employer knows what other important information he needs to know about you skills you may have that aren’t listed on your resume.Keep your E-Mail addresses clean and professional and use your full name or initials, and the same applies for social media:Contact Informationmichele.t.kennedy@gmail.comwww.linkedin.com/in/robert-sommers/twitter.com/ashley_taylor RightContact Informationminniemouse43@gmail.comwww.linkedin.com/in/robert-sommers53980924/twitter.com/little.tea.pot553 WrongWith all of this being said, even though you are working with children, and it’s a relaxed environment, you still need to be a professional.GUIDE ON WRITING THE SUMMARY SECTIONWriting a great summary is one of the most important segments of your resume because in this section you are briefly explaining to your employer what he should expect from you and what do you feel like should be emphasized as being your most important skills and accomplishments.On the contrary, you shouldn’t set high expectations, but rather just two, max three sentences which describe your past experiences and your work ethics so the employer knows if he should continue reading your resume or not.You want to stay clear of writing boring information about yourself which dont explain what your accomplishments were at your past job positions and should focus more on literally nitpicking some of the most important highlights of your career.SummaryI am a college-educated experienced substitute teacher with a bachelors degree in modern history, and I have worked in schools such as Boston Renaissance Charter Public School. I have great communication skills, and I take pride in working with young bright minds and that being said, I feel enthusiastic about transferring my knowledge to young intellectuals. RightSummaryIve graduated from college and got a job as a substitute teacher. I like working with children because their subjects are easier to teach. I think I will do just fine working for your school. Wrong Pro TipSide tip:Write the summary when you finish your resume and that way you have no risks of making expectations which won’t be met and you avoid your summary sounding bland and boring.GUIDE ON WRITING THE EXPERIENCE SECTIONYour experience is very important when you are applying for a new job because every employer wants someone who already has some experience in that line of work so that you don’t need someone to teach you how to do your job.When listing your past work experience, you should write in which period you’ve been an employee at your past workplace, which company, or in this case in which school or academy have you’ve worked for and what was your job title.Also, you should add two or three sentences about your accomplishments at your job or a quick description of your responsibilities but dont write things which fit your job title and which are obvious such as: Right WrongTwo important notes:If you have been teaching 4th graders and lower grade-level, you can write that you’ve managed the classroom’s behavior because at that age it is very important for a student’s well-being that he or she learns discipline.You should list the full name of the school you’ve worked at and the city it’s located in so that your employer can check to see if it is an accredited school.GUIDE ON WRITING THE EDUCATION SECTIONIf you are going to teach a group of students something you need to know the subject you are teaching very well, so a high-school diploma wont cut it.Most schools require a bachelor’s degree, and that’s a bare minimum because they want to ensure that the students get the best education available and that their staff is professional.So if you were a hardworking student back in your college days, now is the time to flaunt with your academic accomplishment, and in your list, you should include:The college you’ve graduated fromYour GPA score if it is highSeminars you’ve attended and projects you’ve been a part ofStudent organizations you’ve joinedIt’s also important to list where did you get your educator’s license and if you’ve completed any other courses or obtained other certificates.A great idea would be to list your education counter-chronological so that you write your most recent academic successes first.Also, you don’t have to list the high-school you’ve graduated from because it’s quite obvious that you’ve finished it since you’ve graduated from college as well.GUIDE ON WRITING THE SKILLS SECTIONLast but not least, we need to dwell a little deep into the Skills section because there are some skills which you should have to be a great, professional substitute teacher and fill in the role of the regular teacher, without changing of the overall flow of the curriculum.Pedagogy is a must-have skill, meaning that you must know how to approach a student with the required learning material and how to make the class interesting for everyone individually but also the whole classroom.You shouldn’t be too strict but also have some authority in the classroom and have great communication skills because you need to remember that the students are there to learn from you and you need to transfer your knowledge in the best way possible so that they can advance academically to the next stage of their education.Also, you should list here which subjects you teach your students and also if you speak another language because that can be very helpful in multicultural environments which schools often are.When listing your skillset, you should avoid writing trivial things such as:SkillsExcellent teaching skills of subjects such as biology and chemistry.Experienced with working with 4th to 8th-grade level studentsGreat at communicating with students and creating group assignmentsFluent in French RightSkillsGreat at teaching students mathExcellent at making a fun atmosphere for studen tsNot too strictCan understand soap operas without subtitles â€" semi bilingual WrongAs you can see you should specify at which grade level do you feel most comfortable working with because not all grade levels have the same needs, so you need to know how to approach your students with the subjects that they need to learn.TIPS TRICKSResume length â€" Ideally, your resume should be just one page long, two pages maximum, but even that can be too much because sometimes you can even fit the whole resume on half a page and it is important to remember that employers don’t really spend that much time on reading resumes so you should keep it short as possible.Highlighting â€" Because your resume should be short, you should use highlights to emphasize things such as your past work experience, education, and skills so you get the employers attention but dont highlight unimportant things because you will seem unprofessional.Bulleting â€" With highlighting, you should also use bullet points as they are much easier to scan and skim read than blocks of text, and the whole resume just looks clearer and nicely organized.Grammar â€" You should send your resume to a proofreader so that you eliminate any possible grammatical errors. It’s no big deal if you have some grammatical errors when you’re writing your CV, but not correcting them will surely damage your reputation, so be careful.Reviewing your resume â€" Apart from proofreading your resume, you should also get it checked by a professional or someone who has seen hundreds of resumes before because they can tell you what you need to add or remove so that your resume seems more professional.Tailoring your resume â€" You should always write a new resume for a specific job position because rarely will you find two job positions which require the same skillset and experience. Also, it’s a bit lazy to just use the same resume over and over again any as you are minimizing your chances of getting the job you’re applyin g for.Resume builder â€" If you still have some doubts about how to write your resume, feel free to try out our resume template builder as it will help you quickly add or delete the sections which you need so that you can tailor your resume for that specific job position.Formatting â€" Always have a physical copy of your resume and take it with you when you have a job interview because maybe your employer didn’t print one out and you should be prepared at any time. Also, make sure to have your resume in both PDF and TXT formats as those are the most standard formats being used in every company.Font â€" Never use handwritten font because it just seems unprofessional and isnt very clear to read. Instead, you should just go with the universal fonts such as Cambria, Calibri, Times New Roman or Arial and be sure to keep your resume all in one font because writing in multiple fonts just seems tacky.Updating â€" You should be updating your resume regularly so that you are always prepared when a perfect job opportunity comes knocking on your door. Be sure to update your social media as well.Check your E-Mail â€" Check your E-Mail at least twice a day because that way you wont miss out on potential replies from your employer because you can never be sure that they will call you on the phone number youve provided them. Check your spam folders as well because some E-Mails get filtered out, unfortunately.Political views â€" Stay clear of expressing your political, religious or other views, especially when you’re applying for a job which involves teaching students because no one wants to turn the plot of that German movie The Wave a reality.CONCLUSIONThats about it when it comes to writing a substitute teacher resume. Weve learned today roughly how your resume should look like and gave you some great examples, and weve also gone through all of the sections explaining how to write your resume in the best way possible.Try to remember which sections you should pay attenti on to the most, what to avoid writing in your resume and how to make your resume look more professional even by just glancing at it.We hope that we’ve answered all of your questions you might had, but if we missed some of them, then you should try our resume builder as it will quickly show you how to properly write a resume using any template that you think fits your next job position the best.Good luck on your job interview as we know you are going to get an E-Mail saying you are hired! Create your own resume

Ethics Development Essay - 1423 Words

Ethics Development Ethics guide the decision-making and actions of an individual. More extensively, collective employee ethics shape the direction of a company. This document will explore sources of ethical influence, both for individuals, and organizations. It will further explain the need for ethics at an organizational level, how those fit in with directions and goals of an organization, and finally conclude with the effect both individual and organizational ethics have on society. Personal Ethics People find themselves facing questions with negative and positive consequence each day. At each stage of life, an individual faces ethical questions, â€Å"Is it acceptable to cheat on a test? Or, cheat on a tax return? How about committing†¦show more content†¦Sponsors like Gatorade and Accenture dropped the sports legend, believing his transgressions reflected poorly on their products. Other public battles with personal ethics include those of celebrities John Mayer, Michael Richards, and Don Imus. Each used racial slurs that spurred public outcry and hurt their respective careers. Ethical Influences on Individuals â€Å"All of us belong to organizations. We’re members of schools, fraternities, sororities, clubs, sports teams, religious organizations, and work organizations† (Nelson Trevino, 2007, chapter two, p. 2). Ethical influences are everywhere, and develop from the earliest stages of upbringing. Ethnicity, race, religion, gender, sexual orientation, generation, class, and family background are just some of the elements that will shape identity, values, and beliefs. Ethical systems are the summation of group dynamics and personal values, and become the ideology a person uses to steer personal decision-making. Nelson and Trevino explain their individual decision-making process: individual differences and bias meshed with awareness and judgment, begets behavior (Nelson and Trevino, chapter two, 2007, p. 19). Awareness to, and judgment of, issues can change as an individual matures and experiences more socially. As theShow MoreRelated Personal Ethics Development Essay1074 Words   |  5 PagesEthical behavior and development are traits and skills that are always improving. Although the skills are improving the basic make up remain the same. The ability to incorporate character, morals, and values encourage a person’s ability to enhance the ethical behavior of an individual. 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A relatively new field of applied ethics, international development ethics is ethical reflection on the ends and means of socioeconomic change in poor countries and regions. It has several sources: criticism of colonialism and post-World War II developmental strategies; Denis Goulets writings; Anglo-American philosophical debates about the ethics of famine relief; and PaulRead MorePersonal Ethics Development Paper871 Words   |  4 Pages(2007), define ethics as â€Å"the principles, norms, and standards of conduct governing an individual or organization.† I was influenced the way I determine different actions or behavior in a particular situation since I was a child. Growing up with a single Catholic mother made me value different things and behave in a particular way. In addition, this made me a have a parti cular ethical system that influences the way I work and act as an individual. At the corporation level, ethics is important becauseRead MoreA Code Of Ethics Limits The Development Of Psychological Theory Essay1499 Words   |  6 PagesDiscussion of the claim that ‘adherence to a code of ethics limits the development of psychological theory’ The introduction of the Nuremberg Code in 1947 was a direct consequence of the Nuremberg Trials in which various Nazi doctors were found guilty of carrying out brutal and heinous research experiments on humans during the second World War. Subsequently, the key principles contained in the Code became the basis of ethical behaviour in any medical or psychological research which includes theRead MoreDefinitions And Development Of Deontological And Teleological Ethics1039 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction This essay will include the background and development of deontological and teleological ethics. Also, it will compare and contrast the absolute and relative ethics. 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Learn About the Japanese Particles Wa and Ga

The communications media used in the educational system Free Essays

1. Executive Summary This report examines the means of communication at universities. A brief definition of communication will be given initially, followed by a description of the means of communication currently used in universities. We will write a custom essay sample on The communications media used in the educational system or any similar topic only for you Order Now The report then focuses on e-learning, examining the method and the blended distance course. Within the distance course will examine the synchronous and asynchronous method. So those will be presented this vantage and disadvantage of e-learning compared to the traditional teaching method, being concluded that the e-learning is essential to the educational system and recommended the implementation of distance education at University of Westminster 2. Introduction The communications media used in the educational system has been suffering major changes in recent times. The traditional method has been complemented or even replaced many times by the current method where e-learning has been outstanding. E-learning can bring great benefits to the educational system, complementing or being another option for those who do not have the opportunity to attend the traditional method. The aim of this report is to examine the communication system used on the educational system is special on higher education, focusing on the e-learning method. Firstly, it will talk about the means of communication, secondly the traditional teaching method, third on the e-learning and finally will present the advantages and disadvantages of e-learning compared to traditional teaching methods. 3. Communication The definition of Communication is given by Collins English Dictionary (2009) as â€Å"the exchange of information, ideas or feeling.† Communication can be classified and divided in different ways. According to Gallegher (2010), communication can be one-way or two way communication; verbal and non verbal, and also says that the communication can be inter or intra communication. 3.1. One way communication and two way communication. One way communication occurs when there is no feedback or interaction during the communication. Two way communication occurs when the recipient asks clarification and interacts with the sender 3.2. Verbal and non verbal The verbal communication occurs when there is the use of words and can be written or spoken. Examples of written communication are: newspapers, posters, advertisements, books, while some examples of spoken communication are: speeches, discussions, lectures and presentations. Non-verbal communication uses other means that is not through writing or speaking, such as facial expression and body language. 4. The means of communication in the educational system The means of communication used in the educational system has been through major transformations following the technological advancement. According to An evaluation of students, the traditional method of teaching in the UK and in most of the world is characterized by one-way transmission from the lecture to the student, which refers to the teacher-center model of teaching, where information is transmitted to the students through the knowledge of the teacher, without much questioning by the student. However, this method has been changed, and the aim of the educational system has been supporting the activities of students rather than simply convey information. According to Gibbs (1995:1) student-centered method, encourages â€Å"learner activity rather than passivity; students’ experience on the course, outside the institution-and prior to the course, process and competence, rather than the content where key decisions about learning are made by the student through negotiation with the teacher ‘. The growth of this new method of teaching has as a major factor, the implementation of e-learning by higher education institutions. 5. E-learning According to Clarke (2004), E-learning is a general term that covers different methods which have in common the use of Information and Technology of communication, and may be as a complement to a traditional course as well as an online course where teachers and students do not meet. The term e-learning is the result of a combination occurring between the educations with the help of technology. The e-learning added new meaning to apprenticeship and blew up the possibilities in disseminating of knowledge and information to students and, at a fast pace, opened up new horizons for the distribution and sharing of knowledge, making it also a form of democratization of knowledge for the layers of the population with access to new technologies, giving them the knowledge available, anytime and anywhere. With the development of web technology, the processes of interaction in real time became a reality, allowing to the student to have contact with knowledge, with the teacher and other students, through the media technological 5.1. Blended-Learning This is a new method that has been growing in popularity, which is based on e-learning as a complement to studies in the classroom. Clarke (2004:120), defines blended learning as â€Å"the integration of e-learning approaches with more traditional methods†. As an example of this method we can mention the Blackboard used by universities. 5.2. Distance courses The training and continual updating of knowledge and skills of human resources are now a crucial element to achieve an effective and efficient performance. The application of information technology and communication to the area of training led to the creation of a new mode of apprenticeship: the distance course. According to Mealy and Loller (2000), Distance Education (DE) occurs when education is provided without the student and the institution being on the same physical location.With the distance course the student starts to having time to learn at their own pace, with the assistance of a tutor, without losing the ability to interact with other course participants. 5.2.1 E-learning synchronous and asynchronous 5.2.1.1Synchronous There are two distinct ways of teaching through distance learning: Synchronous and Asynchronous. Synchronous is when teacher / tutor and student / trainees are in lesson to the same time. Can be cited as an example of resources synchronous phone, chat, video conferencing and web conferencing. Through web conferencing, the teacher ministers the classes and students can hear the contents transmitted by the teacher. Thus, students may also ask questions and discussions. This is the model that most closely resembles the traditional teaching. â€Å"The concept of classroom is extended to distance learning through the use of technology.† Mealy and Loller (2000:20) 5.2.1.2. Asynchronous In asynchronous e-learning, teacher and students are not in class to the same time. According to Mealy and Loller (2000), the main feature of this method is that the student can participate in the study schedule that suits you. The teacher also is not limited to a specific schedule and can answer questions or participate in discussions at different times of the student. The big difference in asynchronous e-learning is that time is â€Å"elastic† giving greater flexibility to the students in their learning, research and study. 5.3. Advantages and disadvantages of e-learning compared to traditional methods 5.3.1. Advantages According to Remenyi (2005), the three main benefits of e-learning are: Reducing the impact on the environment, quality education affordable and Convenience and flexibility for the student 5.3.1.1. Reducing the Impact on Environment There is no need of traveling; resulting in diminution of pollution reduces the use of papers thereby contributing to the environment 5.3.1.2. Quality education affordable Through e-learning, great teachers can share their knowledge without physical barriers, political, or economic, thus reducing the cost of education making it more affordable, – The student can study at a respected university, out of state or even country, e-learning takes the social and physical barriers by giving everyone the same level 5.3.1.3. Convenience and flexibility for the student The materials are more accessible, depending on the method, can be available 24 hours 7 days a week, with no need for change in lifestyle. The student has the opportunity to create a personalized pace. 5.3.2. Disadvantages According Remenyi (2005), the three major disadvantages related to the E-learning is the lack of interaction between student and teacher, the lack of interaction between students and the need for basic computer skills. 5.3.2.1. Lack of interaction between student and teacher The tutor has a higher difficulty in judging the level of acceptance, understanding and retention, since it is not possible an immediate response from the student. There is a need for a higher level of motivation and higher autonomy of learning than classroom training 5.3.2.2. Lack of interaction between students Depending on the method used e-learning, such as the course distance, because there is no participation in the classroom, there is no socialization among students, which can lead to negative outcomes such as lack of ability to work as a team. 5.3.2.3. Need for basic computer skills Need some experience in using computers and Internet usage, also some appetite for the use of technology 6. Conclusion With the increasingly widespread use of new information technologies and communication, it becomes essential the adoption of these in the teaching and apprenticeship. The process that performs this learning environment is called e-learning. In eLearning, flees to the traditional model of teaching, the learning process is student centered, which can build its self-education course, interacting with the available content according to their learning needs in a way flexible, how, when and wherever you want, being the teacher / trainer the catalyst developing this process. In eLearning, the papers the teacher / trainer and school / university are not being replaced. What changes is its function, no longer educational agents, to be partners in apprenticeship. Therefore personal contact is not unappreciated, but become more interesting. How to cite The communications media used in the educational system, Essay examples

Crisis Management Strategy Competition and Change

Question: Discuss about the Crisis Management Strategy for Competition and Change. Answer: Introduction: The concept of change management is associated with the modification and reformation of business resources, budget related to the planning, its allocation, and the overall business procedure. This is a commonly used term in business in recent days. The reformation is attended in a planned way to profit the organization. This approach basically ensures the changes of the organization in successful implementation. This entire procedure focuses on the long-lasting impact of the changes in people and benefit of the organization. Therefore, the modification needs to be done in a planned way. Therefore, this study has attempted to foster over the specific issues and flaws that Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited (ANZ) has gone through. This is a 170 years old bank. It has undermined through a rapid up and down over the journey in this industry. Thus, change management procedure in respect with this financial organisation has been developed over this study. Transformation in the organisation in the tenure period of McFarlane The issues in the organization were regardless of the internal management. Even after the challenges due to the financial crisis, this organization stayed indignant. However, the contributory essence of the management provided a tough fight to the external issue. The management has adopted the change in accordance with the requirement of the situation (Gerth, 2013). Still dissatisfaction of the customers regarding the management was continued. This organization has adopted a strong position by creating clear accountability and a strong management. Moreover, it strengthened the balance sheet and took care on the liquidity improvement. Procurement was also taken to improve the customer perspective and its related resources. The procedures inevitably took steps for ensuring the better environmental prospect for the customers. Therefore the focal points of the customer have been changed and different circumstances have also been created (Williams, 2013). Change management procedure has b een applied by a number of organisations irrespective of the type and mission. The Hemisphere Country Council (HCC) has been noticed to the shared service model SAP Flori to its Integrate Business Centre (Deloitte.com, 2016). It is in respect with the estimated integration that evokes a change in procedure. This changes procedure is applied by the management by judging the essence of the situation and eventually it attained a remarkable benefit over the procedure. The procedure could not strengthen the internal management. As the financial crisis has impacted a lot on the customers, it was prior fact to gain back the trust. Therefore, the management has worked mainly on that. To facilitate so, the internal management had to tackle a huge pressure to secure their job. Therefore the number of issues created in regard with the employee dissatisfaction. The change management procedure evokes right decision at the right time. In case of Deloitte, the implementation of SAP CRM has enabled it to gain better procedure in repairing sideways along with the road sides. This eventually managed the construction of the organisation and balanced the workflow also (Deloitte.com, 2016). The improvisation impact is also attainable for ANZ in terms of elevating theory technological improvisation. The technical flaw is also a vital reason. The management has planned procedure in accordance with the calculation, which is said to be unfreeze' condition (Haslamet al . 2014). But the technological failure has made it difficult to provide the customers with approximate benefit and the regression remained the same. The management had to plan different to fulfil their target to gain back the customer base. The cultural change is a crucial problem in this regard. Therefore, the leadership approach needed to change. The management seemed to change the chief persons in regard to bringing prosperity. But the rapid flaws in adopting proper culture has fostered with different policies and technologies have inferred the system chronologically (Hwang and Low, 2012).The involved CEO and other professionals have contributed in changing the perspectives but to some extent, they too went under the impacts of old tradition or the rituals. According to Deloitte.com (2016), the application of SAP enterprise along with the change management plan has brought to on time delivery of products. This eventually helped in gaining back the confidence of the entire associa tion. This prospect is also helpful for ANZ too. The communication process is very much important for this organisation. Thus, bringing communication elevation in respect with technological elevation would deliberately help this organisation gaining remarkable success.Therefore, continual problem and challenges were at the core of the organization. However, the management had applied the related theories in prospect to the situation and attended remarkable success through it. The change management follows a distinctive stage and procedure. This is in respect to the purpose and aim of the organization. As suggested by Hwang and Low (2012, the inclined organization ANZ is evolved with serious issues of customer satisfaction and employee management. However, this financial sector has proved strong even after the Great Depression of 1930 and the Global Financial Crisis of 2007-2008. Therefore, this organization is proved to have a strong structure. The employee management skill is also strong. Still, the recent changes and procedure of policy, terms, and conditions have proceeded through a changed approach in debt policies (Boje, 2012). The financial challenges of this organization lie in lending money from other financial organizations to provide the loan to the customers. Thus, the organization is accompanied with adopting a major structure so that it might improve the focus of the customers on the service level. This is also commenced with the creation of more clear accountability and a strong management. Challenges faced in implementing transformation: After the huge global crisis of 2008, this organization has been divided into five distinguished sectors: Australia, New Zealand, Shared services, Asia Pacific and Institutional. This vast division has comprised of a huge cost management with the association (Hayes, 2014). However, the business corpse has elevated. Therefore a good margin of profit could be expected at a higher rate. Still, the operational issues in managing the employees and providing proper training were regular problems. Issues were also inevitable in delivering products and services of the bank to the retail customers in countrywide and in global dimension too. However, the core support division of this organization, Operations Technology and Shared Services (OTSS) manages and divides the systematic operation of IT and ORIS that is, Operation Risk and Information Security. This organization values shared contribution and unity. Therefore, risk and insecurity related to the shared data and information always remai n(Cummings and Worley, 2014). Moreover, the core value of this association is associated in being best at service and to value and respect the opinion of others. As stated by Frankland et al. (2013), this organization had to fall under the situations of bad debts in early 1990. Since that period, the management had initiated a versatile change. The changes in the organization were regardless of the poor structure of the organization. This situation has led it to change management policy and terms. Customer dissatisfaction was inevitable issues. The issues were the result of poor service management and delayed delivery system. Therefore, the management has undertaken policies of reforming the concept of dealing. The changes may come in different forms. It can be of internal issue and external issue both. Thus, a segmentation of changes has been seen in a procedure of ANZ in different stages (Quinnet al. 2012). As this is a financial organization, public dealings are inevitable factors. Thus, keeping men quiet and satisfied is the core essence of the organization. With this target, a breakdown of structures in regard to the employees and shareholders is also seen. The changes in the cultural, as well as technical aspects were also common. To console the expectation of people, dealing approach and handling customers' process have also been changed. A number of programs have also been attempted by the management to create public awareness and to make promotions. In order to solve out issues like breakout workshops, consulting and breakout charters, this organization has changed the team for the dedicated breakout and cultural transformation. The change of management has taken place to the different situations and crisis. Based on the systematic procurement, the management has applied the process of changing management. Even though the disillusionment regarding the employee satisfaction and customers demand were at peak (Van der Voet, 2014). Thus, the policies of employee motivation and refined employ management have been created. This helped enormously to the broader context of the organization. Breakouts were initiated to enhance employee engagement. This is regulated with a number of steps that include: employee motivation, the management of performance, skill, and talent. The entire process of change is done in a processed way. That undertakes a varied system (Keppel and Wardell?Johnson, 2012). There are a number of theories related to change management. In spite of adopting the breakout policy, this organization had to face problem regarding the employee integration, specification of the job, dissatisfaction regarding the job management and proper balance of all the revolved issues. The working hours are also a problem. However, to solve the work pressure problem, the organization has undertaken the decision of recruiting a number of employees (Hargreaves et al. 2014). This helped organization having the certain stability from the temporary issues. But the management had to change procedure of recruitment too. The employees observed to work for a very short period. There was disintegration regarding the management of different level of work distribution too. Therefore, the contemporary issues related to the organization had led the management to undermine the root cause and change the management for several times. Attributes of the key leaders and the analysis of role of leadership: The procedure of change management undermines some stages. Based on the Kotters 8 step theory, the first and foremost stage for change management inclines directly to the creation of urgency. This organization has observed to go in accordance with the specific requirement of the customers. Therefore, the management has identified the root cause of the issue and applied the procedures of change. This step is evident in managing a helpful balance with the upcoming issues (Gattermeyer and Al-Ani, 2013). According to the theory, the second step is inclined with the forming of a powerful coalition. This helps in detecting the problem and finally helps in evaluating it with the prospect of the organization. As the organization is related to financial transactions, this evokes a huge engagement of the customer satisfaction (Gandomaniet al. 2013). The perspectives of customers are prompt in changing. Thus, evaluating the performance generation in enraging the satisfactory level of the custom ers is very much required.This can be attained through an analysis of the buying behaviour and the matters to which the customers respond. This can be done by the leaders in the organization. In ANZ, the role of the managers and the transformation of the posts have contributed a lot in managing the procedures. However, the organization has been found to determine the related values of the central change by developing a summary of the issues (Geppertet al. 2016). This goes parallel with the third step of Kotters theory and puts emphasis on the creation of visionary change. Moreover, the concept of the performance was laid in creating awareness programs. Gradually is changed into the progress of employee performance, their needs and training. The enhancement of focus is inclined with employee motivation. The transforming focus on the view and central spirit has attended this organization a glorious phase (Nastase et al. 2012). This stage is encircled with developing the proper strategy for the organization. The next step of determining vision is regulated with the communication process to implement the visionary result. As the organizational perspective is dependent on shared vision, the management comes in form with an open discussion with the entire board. This evaluates the relative cause s of failure in functions. Further, the initiatives are taken in this step to ensure the long-term prosperity for the organization (Bernus et al. 2013). The fifth stage of this theory is associated with removing the obstacles. This inclines a direct way of eradicating the obligations(Booth, 2015). This involves the necessary initiative of coming in mutual point with the demand of the customers. Moreover, the organizational management initiated the procedures of satisfying employees through promotions and work discriminations so that it might keep their interest in the progression of a job. In order to promote marketing and sales, this focuses on the betterment of skill and dedication of the employees. The sixth step of the theory undermines the way of attaining success through a short attempt. This attempt is associated with the perception of accomplishing the fulfilment of the desire of the customers. Therefore, it succeeds in convincing the customers towards their service. This organization has been noticed to evaluate the way of the success they have attained. This complied measurement keeps on measuring the dedication level, applied technologies, improved skill. Thereby, the management has detected the chief flaw and maximum gap in attending the success. This helped in planning further concept and change management. This organization has worked accordingly to the concept of Kotter and thus it has manifested change in management (Lozano, 2013). The Lewins theory of unfreeze-change-freeze is also very supportive in this regard. The organization has been chosen the way of being alert regarding the change that it is inevitable. The changing modes of the customers were the common appreciation for the management. For that reason, the entire board was always prepared. Estimating the change, they planned different programs like Saver Plus, differentiation of thoughts and applications accordingly. This way the management focussed on the central process of cha nge and dissatisfactory issues and brought into the change in the management process. After attaining success over the procurements and changed management, the organization again come in form of refreezing the policies and terms. This benefited the organization balancing a good term in between management and the customers. Moreover, this approach has balanced the employee motivation too in the expected margin. Recommendations: In respect to the issues and challenges described in the study, a number of flaws have been detected. The organization could have avoided the problem if it would have had adopted some procedures in the change management procedure. Planning change: The focus of the management should have rotated with the change perception. The management has undertaken policies of changing the chief head of the particular post. But the change of planning in attaining target had not been adopted. Therefore, employee dissatisfaction has been raised as a serious issue. If the management had laid a balanced focus on employee and customer both, it would have benefited the organization up to the margin. Changed view: The management has not changed their approach based on the specific need of the environment and changing culture. Therefore, the advancement of technology had not been attempted. The non-adaptation of specific technologies has laid the organization far behind. The initiative needed to be subtle and convincing to the change of entire phenomenon. The change in technical revolution and changed perspective of the culture could have changed the brought to a dimension of the history of the organization. Changed leadership: The leadership that is the change of ownership and communicating management could have improved the system. The true will be there to improve the management and so as the entire procedure. But the lack of efficiency in adopting a change in accordance with the changed view and expectation of customer could have impacted the progress of the organization in a short term. Change in communication: If the organization would have adopted the different process of communication, it could surely impact the management in applying sources. As the base of this organization lies in communication mainly, the elevated prospect might be inclined in improving so. Conclusion: The change management is a key concept for all the successful organizations. This change needs a keen focus on the on-going factors of the external world. The change in the management can work only in the condition if it is done in accordance with the external and internal management both. This organization has been exempted to foster over the industry with a rapid change in its managements. However, the changes gradually brought to a revolution in the financial industry. The theoretical concepts of Lewin and Kotter too have contributed to bringing into a dignified situation of this organization. Therefore, the approach needs to be subtle and complied to intensify change and improvement to its core and it needs to be practiced very carefully. Reference List: Bernus, P., Mertins, K. and Schmidt, G.J. , 2013.Handbook on architectures of information systems.London: Springer Science Business Media Boje, D.M., 2012. Reflections: What does quantum physics of storytelling mean for change management?.Journal of Change Management,12(3), pp.253-271 Booth, S.A., 2015.Crisis management strategy: Competition and change in modern enterprises. London: Routledge Cameron, E. and Green, M., 2015.Making sense of change management: a complete guide to the models, tools and techniques of organizational change. London: Kogan Page Publishers. Cummings, T.G. and Worley, C.G., 2014.Organization development and change.Cengage learning. Deloitte.com , 2016, Available at: https://www2.deloitte.com/ng/en/pages/technology/articles/global-sap-case-studies.html, Accessed on: 29 Dec, 2016 Frankland, R., Mitchell, C.M., Ferguson, J.D., Sziklai, A.T., Verma, A.K., Popowski, J.E. and Sturgeon, D.H., Applications In Internet Time, Llc, 2013.Integrated change management unit. U.S. Patent 8,484,111. Gandomani, T.J., Zulzalil, H., Ghani, A.A.A. and Sultan, A.B.M., 2013. Towards comprehensive and disciplined change management strategy in agile transformation process.Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology,6(13), pp.2345-2351 Gattermeyer, W. and Al-Ani, A., 2013.Change Management und Unternehmenserfolg: GrundlagenMethodenPraxisbeispiele. London: Springer-Verlag Geppert, M., Matten, D. and Williams, K. 2016.Challenges for European management in a global context: Experiences from Britain and Germany. London: Springer. Gerth, C., 2013. Introduction.InBusiness Process Models. Change Management(pp. 1-12). London: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Hargreaves, A., Lieberman, A., Fullan, M. and Hopkins, D.W. eds., 2014.International Handbook of Educational Change: Part Two(Vol. 5).London: Springer Haslam, S.A., van Knippenberg, D., Platow, M.J. and Ellemers, N. 2014.Social identity at work: Developing theory for organizational practice.London: Psychology Press. Hayes, J., 2014.The theory and practice of change management. London: Palgrave Macmillan Hwang, B.G. and Low, L.K., 2012. Construction project change management in Singapore: Status, importance and impact.International Journal of Project Management,30(7), pp.817-826. Keppel, G. and Wardell?Johnson, G.W., 2012. Refugia: keys to climate change management.Global Change Biology,18(8), pp.2389-2391 Lozano, R., 2013. Are companies planning their organisational changes for corporate sustainability? An analysis of three case studies on resistance to change and their strategies to overcome it.Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management,20(5), pp.275-295 Nastase, M., Giuclea, M. and Bold, O., 2012.The impact of change management in organizations-a survey of methods and techniques for a successful change.Revista de Management Comparat International,13(1), p.5 Quinn, D., Amer, Y., Lonie, A., Blackmore, K., Thompson, L. and Pettigrove, M., 2012. Leading change: Applying change management approaches to engage students in blended learning.Australasian Journal of Educational Technology,28(1), pp.16-29. Van der Voet, J., 2014. The effectiveness and specificity of change management in a public organization: Transformational leadership and a bureaucratic organizational structure.European Management Journal,32(3), pp.373-382. Williams, C., 2013.Principles of management. South-Western/Cengage Learning

Sacrifice and Love in Captain Corellis Mandolin Essay Example

Sacrifice and Love in Captain Corellis Mandolin Paper Sacrifice may be considered as the act of offering something to a deity in propitiation or homage; especially the ritual slaughter of an animal or person. This is certainly true in Captain Corellis Mandolin. Almost every person in the novel makes some sort of sacrifice which is triggered by the love for their country; their loved ones or for survival and dignity. The largest sacrifice in this novel would have to be the sacrifice that the soldiers make for their country. Whether it be the men in the Julia Division, Bari Division, Acqui Division, the Greeks or Bunnios; they are all risking their lives for their country. By being a patriotic and serving their country, they are expected to make the sacrifice of their lives. The entire Acqui Division is a good example of how men are forced to die for their country. Like Mandras, they are a mere statistic of the ritual slaughtering of war. Their deaths are inevitabilities of this tragedy. Whilst the men of the Acqui Division are being sent to their death there is a strong sense of acceptance as they pray with their heads bowed down to their knees. Because the men have chosen to fight for their country, there is no struggle or fight for their right of survival until the very end when some were praying, weeping or standing in despair. They have lost the right to live because their country lost a war they chose to fight in. Carlo and Francesco have also had their right to live taken away because of their decision to join the army. They were given no choice when used as a catalyst to start a war between Greece and Italy. They were a mere operational necessity; they were Italys sacrifice. We will write a custom essay sample on Sacrifice and Love in Captain Corellis Mandolin specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Sacrifice and Love in Captain Corellis Mandolin specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Sacrifice and Love in Captain Corellis Mandolin specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer They had no choice but to follow orders despite it being against their wish and were only allowed to ask operational questions, not questions of policy. They were expected to sacrifice their lives for their country: we were supposed to be killed. We are Greeks attacking the Italian Army, and were supposed to be dead. As a result of their sacrifice they are given medals but ordered not to wear them. There is no honour and glory in their sacrifice; instead secrecy, betrayal and murder and deceit. Because of the obligatory sacrifices soldiers must give at war, men like Carlo and Mandras are just one more life warped and ruined by war. And as a result it [war] destroyed my patriotism, it changed my ideals, it made me question the whole notion of duty, and it horrified me and made me sad Unlike Carlo and Francesco who were ordered to sacrifice their lives for something immoral and for something they did not believe in; Captain Corelli, the Acqui Division and Father Arsenios are willing to sacrifice for what they do believe in. The Acqui Division voted to resist the Germans based on the fact that the time had come for them to do something right. They therefore knowingly resist the Germans despite the knowledge of the consequences. Corelli too makes his own sacrifice because he had to be with his boys and because of what he strongly believes in. To carry out his beliefs even further, Corelli chooses to have the honour of being court-martialled alongside General Gandin if necessary. By consciously taking this step he knows the risks he is about to take: his life and never seeing Pelagia again. Yet he is still willing to make these sacrifices and Pelagia in light of this, understandingly but reluctantly says, Honour and common sense; in light of the other, both of them are ridiculous. Father Arsenios too sacrifices for the same beliefs that Corelli has: Anti-Nazism. Father Arsenios drunkenness, greed and indolence was absolved by the war and in the end, he sacrifices his health, and later, life, by taunting the German soldiers as they burn the Italians dead. He becomes a skeleton stretched with skin and burned with sores. Father Arsenios has transformed from a man of venial[ity], a glutton, a would-be lecher, a relentless seeker of alms and offerings, an anthropomorphized promissory note to a saint. Father Arsenios, like Captain Corelli and the Acqui Division and even the ELAS and EKAS are all sacrificing their lives for what they believe in. Although each man may be sacrificing for different ideals; they are still giving up the people they love and the things they love for those morals. Whilst not all sacrifices are for the better, some sacrifices in this novel are made for the very right of survival that so many men have been deprived of. Gi nter Weber and Mandras fall under this category. Although both men are in the army and are risking their lives for their country, they have joined the army, like everyone else with the hope that they will not have to make that sacrifice. Weber for example has relinquished his friendship with the Italians as well as his honour in order to survive. Weber seemed to have recognized his fate that he would be the one ordered to kill his friends and unlike many of the Italian soldiers, Weber chose between following his orders or sacrificing his friendship and integrity. Weber chooses to forget his friends and live the rest of his life with guilt. Mandras on the other hand had little choice. Mandras makes more than one sacrifice in this novel but his most life-changing sacrifice is when he chooses to beat the old man when Hector instructs him to. This is a significant point for Mandras because this is when he changes from a family-loving, playful spirit to a Communist, chauvinistic brute. By choosing to become a member of the ELAS, he is sacrificing his beliefs, morality, Pelagia and most importantly, his mother. When Mandras chooses to rape Pelagia, he is breaking away from the women in his life: Pelagia and Drosula. Although Mandras makes sacrifices; he is not a sacrifice. He is a mere statistic of war, like everyone else. And the fact of life that comes into their defense is that War is a dirty business. Sacrifices are made, morals are lost and cruelty is a necessity. However, Drosula too sacrifices her relationship with Mandras when she chooses to go to Pelagias defense instead of Mandras. Drosula gives up her bond with her son in order to stand by what she believes is morally correct and what she knows has happened: war has corrupted her son. When she stands up to her son, it shows the ferocity of Drosula as well as the strength and power of women. Finally, sacrifices that are made instinctively for the people they love most are from Doctor Iannis, Carlo and Pelagia. These three characters are the protagonists of the novel and their stories weigh the most in the book therefore it is not surprising that their sacrifice is the most noble. These three characters make Carlos statement true that Love will make men dare to die for their beloved-Love alone. Iannis and Carlo are similar because they both knowingly sacrifice their lives for the people they love most. Iannis sacrifices his life when he saves Pelagia and Drosula out of the earthquake. Iannis who used to be so full of vibrance and fire, by the end was so futile and traumatized by his concentration, still managed to push himself out of eight years of silence and cry Get out! Get out! Save yourselves! . This truly shows the meaning of sacrifice and how much his family meant to him. Iannis sacrifice is instinctive more so than it is conscious which is unlikely in this novel. Carlos sacrifice is also instinctive when he rushes out to pull Francescos body back into the trench. By merely stepping out of the safety of the trench, Carlo is already risking his life for Francesco. Carlos sacrifice for Corelli however is a decision rather than a sacrifice. Although he did give up his life in order to save Corellis, Carlo chose to stand to attention next to Corelli. There is also an element of self-interest when Carlo stands in front of Corelli. Carlo joins the army in order to be with other beautiful men and because he wishes to escape the scornful eyes of society, rather than to fight for his country and when he finally does get to die a proper soldiers death and for someone he loves, he is glad to die at last. However by joining the army he is also sacrificing the physical union in order to retain comradeship with the other men. Pelagia makes an unconscious sacrifice for the man she loves. By allowing him to escape Cephallonia she is not only taking a chance that she will not get caught but also unknowingly sacrificing their love. However although her sacrifice at the time was instinctive, waiting thirty years for Corelli was not. Pelagia deliberately waits for Corelli, despite no certainty of his return and literally watches her youth and beauty slip through her fingers. By the end of the novel, she has transformed from a woman of beauty and youth to an embittered, senile old lady. Whilst waiting for Corelli, Pelagia also adopts Antonia, thereby limiting her choices and giving up the chance to live. Almost every person in this novel sacrifices a part of their lives, whether it may be for someone they love or for themselves. This theme of De Bernieres ties the novel and its characters together; they all feel the pain of losing dignity, happiness, loved ones and their lives.

Using JavaScript in Your C++ Applications for Chrome

Using JavaScript in Your C++ Applications for Chrome When Google released its Chrome browser, the company included a fast implementation of JavaScript called V8, the client-side scripting language included in all browsers. Early adopters of JavaScript back in the era of Netscape 4.1 didnt like the language because there were no tools for debugging and each browser had different implementations, and different versions of Netscape browsers differed as well. It wasnt pleasant writing cross-browser code and testing it on lots of different browsers. Since then, Google Maps and Gmail came along using the whole Ajax (Asynchronous JavaScript and XML) technologies, and JavaScript had enjoyed a major comeback. There are now decent tools for it. Googles V8, which is written in C, compiles and executes JavaScript source code, handles memory allocation for objects, and garbage collects objects it no longer needs. V8 is so much faster than the JavaScript in other browsers because it compiles to native machine code, not bytecode that has been interpreted. JavaScript V8V8 isnt only for use with Chrome. If your C application requires scripting for users to be able to write code that executes at run-time, then you can  embed  V8 in your application. V8 is an open source high-performance JavaScript engine licensed under the liberal BSD license. Google has even provided an embedders guide. Heres a simple example that Google provides- the classic Hello World in JavaScript. It is intended for C programmers who want to embed V8 in a C application int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {// Create a string holding the JavaScript source code.String source String::New(Hello , World) ;// Compile it.Script script Script::Compile(source) ;// Run it.Value result script-Run() ;// Convert the result to an ASCII string and display it.String::AsciiValue ascii(result) ;printf(%s\n, *ascii) ;return 0;} V8 runs as a standalone program, or it can be embedded in any application written in C.

Vacation to New York City Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Vacation to New York City - Essay Example From the size of the buildings to the width of the main streets, even the height of the horses on whose backs police patrolled was such as I had not seen before. However, perhaps the most memorable fact of all was the sounds and overall noise. Although I did not come from a small town, to begin with, I was not prepared for the business and overall noise level that New York life involved. In any given minute there could be a street musician, a sidewalk advertisement/demonstration, people whistling for taxis, horns beeping, construction equipment working, jackhammers chipping, and the general din of thousands of people all talking at once. To my young and impressionable mind, this is one of the facts I will remember to the day I die as I recall looking out into the faceless mass of humanity with child-like awe and wonder at the sea of humanity that existed all around me. Beyond the noise, the grandeur of the buildings and their size was something else that gave me pause. Courthouses back home had a level of grandeur as did banks to a certain degree; however, the columns, the size, the colors, the use of glass, granite and steel to make obscenely tall buildings erupt from the corners of the sidewalk was something I had never before seen to such a degree. Likewise, the smells that greeted me were also of particular interest to my young, curious mind. For instance, the sidewalks emitted the pungent odor of multiple different kinds of ethnic foods all being sold by street vendors – usually of the country of origin as was the food they were peddling. At the same time, there were twinges of sea air mixed with the distinct smell of horse urine from the many horse-mounted police that was commonplace in the city of New York.

Womens History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Womens History - Essay Example Constitution was ratified by the 19th Amendment giving women the right to vote. Formation of one group in 1890, National American Women Suffrage Association (NAWSA), Stanton being the president and the vice-president being Anthony was an effective strategy and vital policy to gain suffrage. The nonviolent approach was the suffragist’s logical strategy since Quakers and pacifists like Alice Paul, Lucretia Mott, and Susan B. Anthony who was its prominent leaders encouraged peaceful resistance in order to be equal with men. Another strategy that was used by the Suffrage Movement to outwit opponents was the involvement of professionals who had proved to be enormously competent, politically important, widely respected and highly influential like Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony, Lucy Stone, Carrie Chapman Catt, Harriet Stanton Blatch, and Alice Paul. Vigorous campaigning was another major input which gave the movement victory in the long run after over 72 years of campaigni ng and pooling of resources to fund it. The campaigns were filled with commitment, intrigue, dedication, and frustration. Millions of dollars were pooled as hundreds gave such aid wherever and whenever they could together with constant interest. Hundreds of women gave possibilities of an entire lifetime. Enlisting of new members also proved to be above par policy and strategy in order to popularize the movement. The inclusion of men was another strategy as men had vital roles in casting votes that could only be cast by men. The 19th Amendment was approved by virtually all-male Senate and House and ratified by 36 all-male, virtually, legislatures.Though the movement fought for the women’s rights, it is regarded in some quarters as a cause that was inconsequential worth neither of respect nor attention.  

John Rawls Theory Of Justice Philosophy Essay

John Rawls Theory Of Justice Philosophy Essay A Theory of Justice is Rawlss attempt to formulate a philosophy of justice and a theoretical program for establishing political structures designed to preserve social justice and individual liberty. Rawls writes in reaction to the then predominant theory of utilitarianism, which posits that justice is defined by that which provides the greatest good for the greatest number of people. Rawls proposes a theoretical person who, shrouded in a veil of ignorance, must design a just society without foreknowledge of his or her own status in that society. Rawls asserts that from this objective vantage point, which he calls the original position, the individual will choose a system of justice that adequately provides for those positioned on the lowest rungs of society. The individual will do so because he or she may end up in such a disadvantaged position and will want to be adequately provided for. Rawls draws from earlier theories of political philosophy that posit a social contract by which individuals implicitly agree to the terms on which they are governed in any society. Rawls concludes that such a social contract, formulated from the perspective of the original position, will guarantee a just society without sacrificing the happiness or liberty of any one individual. Rawls addresses issues of liberty, social equality, democracy, and the conflict of interests between the individual and society. A Theory of Justice Summary: Justice as Fairness In A Theory of Justice, Rawls begins with the statement that, Justice is the first virtue of social institution, meaning that a good society is one structured according to principals of justice. Rawls asserts that existing theories of justice, developed in the field of philosophy, are not adequate: My guiding aim is to work out A Theory of Justice that is a viable alternative to these doctrines which have long dominated our philosophical tradition. He calls his theory-aimed at formulating a conception of the basic structure of society in accordance with social justice-justice as fairness. Rawls sets forth to determine the essential principles of justice on which a good society may be based. He explains the importance of principles of justice for two key purposes: first, to provide a way of assigning rights and duties in the basic institutions of society; and secondly, to define the appropriate distribution of the benefits and burdens of society. He observes that, by his definition, well-ordered societies are rare due to the fact that what is just and unjust is usually in dispute. He further notes that a well-ordered and perfectly just society must be formulated in a way that addresses the problems of efficiency, coordination, and stability. Critique of Utilitarianism Throughout the twentieth century, the dominant philosophical theory of justice in Western philosophy was utilitarianism. Utilitarianism was first developed in the nineteenth century by the great utilitarians, whom Rawls lists as David Hume, Adam Smith, Jeremy Bentham, and John Stuart Mill. Utilitarianism essentially posits that a just society is one based on achieving the greatest good, or happiness, for the greatest number of people. However, many theorists have found this principle ultimately unsatisfactory because it implies that the  » Complete A Theory of Justice Summary Cited from: A Theory of Justice: Introduction. Nonfiction Classics for Students. Ed. Marie Rose Napierkowski. Vol. 3. Detroit: Gale, 1998. eNotes.com. January 2006. 6 September 2010. . A brief synopsis from Wikipedia: In A Theory of Justice, Rawls argues for a principled reconciliation of liberty and equality. Central to this effort is an account of the circumstances of justice (inspired by David Hume), and a fair choice situation (closer in spirit to Immanuel Kant) for parties facing such circumstances. Principles of justice are sought to guide the conduct of the parties. These parties face moderate scarcity, and they are neither naturally altruistic nor purely egoistic: they have ends which they seek to advance, but desire to advance them through cooperation with others on mutually acceptable terms. Rawls offers a model of a fair choice situation (the original position with its veil of ignorance) within which parties would hypothetically choose mutually acceptable principles of justice. Under such constraints, Rawls believes that parties would find his favored principles of justice to be especially attractive, winning out over varied alternatives, including utilitarian and libertarian accounts. In 1974, Rawls colleague at Harvard, Robert Nozick, published a defense of libertarian justice, Anarchy, State, and Utopia.[3] Because it is, in part, a reaction to A Theory of Justice, the two books are now often read together. Another Harvard colleague, Michael Walzer, wrote a defence of communitarian political philosophy, Spheres of Justice,[4] as a result of a seminar he co-taught with Nozick. In a related line of criticism, Michael Sandel (also a Harvard colleague) wrote Liberalism and the Limits of Justice,[5] which took Rawls to task for asking us to think about justice while divorcing ourselves from the very values and aspirations that define us. Sandels line of argument in part draws on critiques of Rawls advanced by both Charles Taylor and Alasdair MacIntyre who argue for the importance that moral ontologies have on ethical arguments.[6] Robert Paul Wolff wrote Understanding Rawls: A Critique and Reconstruction of A Theory of Justice[7] immediately following the publication of A Theory of Justice, which criticized Rawls from a roughly Marxist perspective. Wolff argues in this work that Rawls theory is an apology for the status quo insofar as it constructs justice from existing practice and forecloses the possibility that there may be problems of injustice embedded in capitalist social relations, private property or the market economy. Feminist critics of Rawls, such as Susan Moller Okin,[8] largely focused on the extent to which Rawls theory could account for (if at all) injustices and hierarchies embedded in familial relations. Rawls argued that justice ought only to apply to the basic structure of society. Feminists, rallying around the theme of the personal is political, took Rawls to task for failing to account for injustices found in patriarchal social relations and the gendered division of labor, especially in the household. The assumptions of the original position, and in particular, the use of maximin reasoning, have also been criticized (most notably by Kenneth Arrow[9] and John Harsanyi),[10] with the implication either that Rawls designed the original position to derive the two principles, or that an original position more faithful to its initial purpose would not lead to his favored principles. In reply Rawls has emphasized the role of the original position as a device of representation for making sense of the idea of a fair choice situation for free and equal citizens.[11] Rawls has also emphasized the relatively modest role that maximin plays in his argument: it is a useful heuristic rule of thumb given the curious features of choice behind the veil of ignorance.[12] Some egalitarian critics have raised concerns over Rawls emphasis on primary social goods. For instance, Amartya Sen has argued that we should attend not only to the distribution of primary goods, but also how effectively people are able to use those goods to pursue their ends.[13] In a related vein, Norman Daniels has wondered why healthcare shouldnt be treated as a primary good,[14] and some of his subsequent work has addressed this question, arguing for a right to health care within a broadly Rawlsian framework.[15] Philosopher Allan Bloom, a student of Leo Strauss, criticized Rawls for failing to account for the existence of natural right in his theory of justice, and wrote that Rawls absolutizes social union as the ultimate goal which would conventionalize everything into artifice.[16] Recent criticisms of Rawls theory have come from the philosopher G.A. Cohen. Cohens series of influential papers culminated first in his book, If Youre An Egalitarian, How Come Youre So Rich?[17] and then in his later work, Rescuing Justice and Equality. Cohens criticisms are leveled against Rawls avowal of inequality under the difference principle, against his application of the principle only to social institutions, and against Rawlsian fetishism with primary goods (again, the metric which Rawls chooses as his currency of equality). Philosopher and Nobel Prize-winning economist Amartya Sen, a former student of Rawls, critiques and attempts to revitalize A Theory of Justice in his 2009 book The Idea of Justice. He defends the basic notion of justice as fairness but attacks the notion that the two principles of justice emerging from the Original position are necessary. Sen claims that there are multiple possible outcomes of the reflective equilibrium behind the veil of ignorance. A Theory of Justice (1971), by John Rawls, is one of the most influential works in moral and political philosophy written in the twentieth century, according to Samuel Freeman in the Collected Papers of John Rawls (1999). A Theory of Justice is Rawlss attempt to formulate a philosophy of justice and a theoretical program for establishing political structures designed to preserve social justice and individual liberty. Rawls writes in reaction to the then predominant theory of utilitarianism, which posits that justice is defined by that which provides the greatest good for the greatest number of people. Rawls proposes a theoretical person who, shrouded in a veil of ignorance, must design a just society without foreknowledge of his or her own status in that society. Rawls asserts that from this objective vantage point, which he calls the original position, the individual will choose a system of justice that adequately provides for those positioned on the lowest rungs of society. The individual will do so because he or she may end up in such a disadvantaged position and will want to be adequately provided for. Rawls draws from earlier theories of political philosophy that posit a social contract by which individuals implicitly agree to the terms on which they are governed in any society. Rawls concludes that such a social contract, formulated from the perspective of the original position, will guarantee a just society without sacrificing the happiness or liberty of any one individual. Rawls addresses issues of liberty, social equality, democracy, and the conflict of interests between the individual and society. A Theory of Justice Summary Justice as Fairness In A Theory of Justice, Rawls begins with the statement that, Justice is the first virtue of social institution, meaning that a good society is one structured according to principals of justice. Rawls asserts that existing theories of justice, developed in the field of philosophy, are not adequate: My guiding aim is to work out A Theory of Justice that is a viable alternative to these doctrines which have long dominated our philosophical tradition. He calls his theory-aimed at formulating a conception of the basic structure of society in accordance with social justice-justice as fairness. Rawls sets forth to determine the essential principles of justice on which a good society may be based. He explains the importance of principles of justice for two key purposes: first, to provide a way of assigning rights and duties in the basic institutions of society; and secondly, to define the appropriate distribution of the benefits and burdens of society. He observes that, by his definition, well-ordered societies are rare due to the fact that what is just and unjust is usually in dispute. He further notes that a well-ordered and perfectly just society must be formulated in a way that addresses the problems of efficiency, coordination, and stability. Critique of Utilitarianism Throughout the twentieth century, the dominant philosophical theory of justice in Western philosophy was utilitarianism. Utilitarianism was first developed in the nineteenth century by the great utilitarians, whom Rawls lists as David Hume, Adam Smith, Jeremy Bentham, and John Stuart Mill. Utilitarianism essentially posits that a just society is one based on achieving the greatest good, or happiness, for the greatest number of people. However, many theorists have found this principle ultimately unsatisfactory because it implies that the  » Complete A Theory of Justice Summary I fondly recall arguing about Rawls theories in John Singers Values and Institutions class at Colgate, so it was interesting to finally try reading it.   It turns out, the revolution that Rawls created was based on a simple but totally specious change in the assumptions about human nature, and upon this rotten foundation he built up a shaky edifice to justify Liberal yearnings.   The book is reminiscent of a treatise by a Medieval scientist, working out the elaborate orbital patterns that planets would require if the Universe actually were geocentric. In order to accomplish his revolution, Rawls posited a counterintuitive and antihistorical starting point for the discussion of political theory. The great political philosophers, Hobbes, Locke, etc., had used the state of nature as the starting point for their theories.   In this state of nature, men were assumed to be completely self-centered and dedicated only to their own interests, with the result that life was nasty, brutish and short and only the strongest survived.   But gradually men tired of this blood sport and entered into a social contract wherein they surrendered some personal sovereignty to a central governing entity, which, in whatever form, would enforce a set of impartial laws in order to protect men from one another.   This is a pretty minimalist position, the social contract and the government that it creates serve only to provide a certain level of physical security, leaving men free to pursue their own fortunes and taking no interest in the degree to which they succeed.   But it conforms with our intuitive understanding of human nature, our observations of our fellow man and, most importantly, it has proven a workable basis for understanding politics for some 300 years. The essential change that Rawls made was to replace the State of Nature with his Original Position, wherein, when it came time for primordial man to enter into a social contract, because he would be ignorant of his own capacities (the veil of ignorance), he would pursue a low risk strategy and choose a social contract based on egalitarianism; he would seek the most equal distribution of wealth and power possible, just in case it turned out that he was the least fit of the species. If Rawls is right, if men acted on the assumption that they would be one of the ones left behind once the race of life begins, then the rest of his theory might be worth examining.   But, of course, this assumption runs counter to everything we understand about ourselves and our fellow human beings.   It is a fuzzy headed liberals view of the appropriate strategy for lifes losersmake political decisions on the basis of the likelihood that you are a loser and need help.  Ã‚   But look around a casino or a Lottery Ticket line and you will see that the losers think that they too are winners.   Look at polls about taxation levels and you find that the lower class does not want the upper class taxed too heavily, because they assume that they, or their children, are headed for that bracket eventually.  Ã‚   It turns out that people act very much as the great philosophers expected them to; they act out of naked self interest and the belief that they are capable and deserve whateve r they can achieve.   The justice that men seek is in fact little more than an impartial application of a set of laws that are fair to all, not an equal distribution of goods and power, which would necessarily impinge on the freedom of all. Rawls great error is to try to base his theory on a generalized yearning for happiness.   Rawls was seeking a positive definition of Mans aspiration in the original position, but the inevitable result, because we will all define happiness differently, is to create a foundational quagmire for his theories.   After all, you may define happiness as having a lot of stuff, but I may define it as spiritual enlightenment.  Ã‚   The classic understanding, basing the social contract on the avoidance of death, is obviously universal, we are all agreed that our own deaths are to be avoided, and, therefore, more sound.   . Finding the basic supposition that props up Rawls whole theory to be fundamentally incorrect, it behooves us little to examine the superstructure he seeks to construct upon this error.   Suffice it to say, no system of government has ever achieved a more equal distribution of wealth and power than has the American Constitutional Republic and it is based on the classic understanding of human nature found in Hobbes and Locke.   Nuff said. (Reviewed:) John Rawls is perhaps the most significant intellectual in philosophical ethics to have written in the past hundred years. It is nearly impossible to address ethics in contemporary philosophy without saying something about John Rawls. Central to his theory of justice are the concepts of fairness and equality from behind what he terms a veil of ignorance. Rawlss veil of ignorance is a component of the way people can construct society. He refers to an original position in which a person is attempting to determine a fair arrangement for society without any preconceived notions or prejudices. In this original position, people are behind what Rawls calls a Veil of Ignorance and do not know where they will fall in the social hierarchy in terms of race, class, sex, disability, and other relevant factors. Rawls is a Kantian liberal in that he believes that principles of justice should be universalizable, and so the only way to ensure that people will select fair principles of justice is to be certain that they do not know how the principles they select might affect them as individuals. A person behind the veil of ignorance does not know which side of a social contract he or she will be on, does not know his or her race, class, sex, or status in society. A person who does not know what privileges he or she will be born with (or without ) is, in Rawls view, more likely to construct a society that does not arbitrarily assign privilege based on characteristics that should have no bearing on what people get. Rawls believes that a society cannot be just without fairness and equalit y and believes this veil of ignorance both reveals the biases of In A Theory of Justice, Rawls attempts to make a rational study of social ethics by using reason to determine what a just society should look like and how a rational group of people would organize themselves. One major   topic of interest that Rawls presents is the veil of ignorance concept and its role in the creation of original position. Two further concepts of importance to the theory of a just society are the difference principle and the concept of individual liberty in society. Together, these three concepts provide a basis for the discussion and critique of Rawls theory and its implications for the pursuance of justice. current society and can help to prevent biases in establishing future social arrangements. In A Theory of Justice, Rawls attempts to make a rational study of social ethics by using reason to determine what a just society should look like and how a rational group of people would organize themselves. One major   topic of interest that Rawls presents is the veil of ignorance concept and its role in the creation of original position. Two further concepts of importance to the theory of a just society are the difference principle and the concept of individual liberty in society. Together, these three concepts provide a basis for the discussion and critique of Rawls theory and its implications for the pursuance of justice. Rawls method to justice as a theory proposes that principles of justice can be determined through the rational thinking of individuals shrouded by a veil of ignorance. In a purely hypothetical situation, the veil of ignorance creates an original position of equality in which persons under the veil have no knowledge of status, position in society, personal wealth or natural abilities. From behind the veil of ignorance, a rational, objective and disinterested group of people would choose a system of justice that ensures an equal distribution of rights and duties. The term reflective equilibrium was coined by John Rawls and popularized in his celebrated A Theory of Justice as a method for arriving at the content of the principles of justice. Abstract John Rawls Theory of Justice (1971) is the single most important philosophical work of the Left since Marx. Rawls A Theory of Justice can be understood as two theories addressing two different subjects. The split can also be seen textually. The first half of the book deals almost exclusively with the hypothetical theory of justice founded in the original position. The second half of the book addresses how actual institutions should operate given the findings of the initial theory. There are many instances, such as Rawls distinction between fair and formal equal opportunity, where Rawls claims that the purely speculative arguments of his theory can justify his claims concerning actual situations. However, as Sher argues, it is not necessarily the case that Rawls can make the connection. Rawls hypothetical theory can operate on its own. Rawls theory of just institutions is a stronger argument if he does not try and connect the two theories. The problem of desert is one example of how R awls theory of justice as fairness should be read as two theories. Rawls offers a theory of a just and well-ordered society which would distribute wealth, income, liberties, opportunities and positions of authority. He considers justice as fairness as a political -moral conception of justice. The principles of justice are two according to Ralws and these would justify a given body of social, moral and political ideas since they are congruent to our ferments convictions. Utilitarianism was first developed in the nineteenth century by the great utilitarians. Utilitarianism essentially posits that a just society is one based on achieving the greatest good, or happiness, for the greatest number of people. However, Rawls rejects Utilitarianism, for it fails to take into consideration, the distinction that exists between individuals. Since it aims at the greatest happiness and tries to maximize greatest welfare, it fails to secure individual rights. Rawls relies on the social contract tradition in its Kantian form to account for principles that would guide individuals noumenal selves, secure equal basic liberties to all and account for social values and community. In A Theory of Justice, Rawls begins with the statement that, Justice is the first virtue of social institution, meaning that a good society is one structured according to principals of justice. . Rawls asserts that existing theories of justice, developed in the field of philosophy, are not adequate: My guiding aim is to work out A Theory of Justice that is a viable alternative to these doctrines which have long dominated our philosophical tradition. He calls his theory-aimed at formulating a conception of the basic structure of society in accordance with social justice-justice as fairness. He claims that justice as fairness provides a practical political procedure, which satisfies the demand of modern democracies societies. Pluralism entailed by industrial societies is presumed to be the permanent features of modern democracies, which challenges the priority of philosophy over democracy. However, Rawls theory has received large scale attention by some well-known Academicians. Some of them have disagreed and challenged its basic assumptions. These critical appraisals, but, indicate the importance of his work if one wants to deliberate on problems of contemporary social and political theory. In this thesis will try to excavate the philosophical understanding of the Rawlsian theory of justice and also try to identify the philosophical shift in his position under the light of some of major critiques.